1. Part of an ancient device for processing plant foods, usually used with a pestle. It was a stone or wooden receptacle with a cupshaped depression. Mortars were frequently made of special rocks, which might be traded over considerable distances. The mortars of the medieval period in Europe have been studied at length; the first stone mortars occur in 8th century Dore-Stad and have origins in the Moselle Valley, while the French Carolingians at this time were using pottery mortars. 2. A mixture of lime with cement, sand, and water, used in building to bond bricks or stones.
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